The grain yield medicine on airplanes frumil 5 mg line, yield components and photosynthetic processes in plants were determined treatment 4 pink eye purchase frumil 5 mg with mastercard. In 1995 and 1997, the optimum dose of fly ash equalled 50 and 100 t/ha, whereas in 1996 when the conditions for the germination were unpropitious, the optimum dose equalled 150 t/ha. In either year, the plant germination was not worse on the plots with the applied ash as compared to the control object without ash. A regular increase of the yield with the growing ash dose was observed in barley (at ~40%). The yield of rye increased in two years after the application of the dose estimated on the regression line and not exceeding 55 and 88 t/ha. The increase of the grain yield in the investigated species due to the growing doses of ash was caused by the increase of the number of ears and the number of grains in an ear. No distinct differentiation of the chlorophyll content in the leaves nor the fluorescence induction coefficient Fv/Fm were observed. Effect of pyrite and fly ash on pH of sodic soil under submerged and field capacity conditions. Results showed that pyrite was more efficient in decreasing the pH when it was surface broadcast and allowed to oxidize for 30 days at field capacity and then waterlogged. The addition of pyrite and fly ash in different combinations tended to decrease pH of sodic soil both under waterlogged and field capacity conditions. Fly ash was found good substitute for reclaiming 51 Use of Industrial Byproducts in Agriculture saline sodic soil when applied with pyrite under field capacity for 30 days and then waterlogged. Effect of resistant genotypes induced with organic nutrients on the feeding rate of rice brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal. Descriptors: coal/ ecology/ metals, heavy: analysis/ soil: analysis / triticum: physiology/ water: analysis Abstract: the effect of Shajiang black soil amended by coal fly ash on ecological factors in wheat field and residua of Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and As were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that applying coal fly ash into Shajiang black soil could decrease soil density, soil proportion and clay content, but increase soil porosity, filtration coefficient and soil temperature. Moreover, it could promote water evaporating when soil moisture was high and keep soil water when lower than 10%. It also could facilitate activity of soil micro-organism and promote soil nutrient transforming. Therefore, Shajiang black soil amended by coal fly ash was safe and reliable within the above range. Soil amendments play a significant role in the management of leaching losses of pesticides. Therefore, present study reports the effect of organic manure and fly ash amendments on metribuzin downward mobility in sandy loam soil columns. Downward mobility of metribuzin was studied in packed soil columns [300 mm (l) x 59 mm. Both the amendments significantly reduced the downward mobility of metribuzin and affected breakthrough time and maximum concentration of metribuzin in the leachate. Study indicates that both animal manure and fly ash were quite effective in reducing the downward mobility of metribuzin in packed soil columns of a sandy loam soil. Effect of solid wastes and fertilizer levels on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L. The treatments were no solid waste application (control), 52 t 100% sewage sludge/ha, 52 t 100% fly ash/ha, and 50% fly ash+50% sewage sludge. The maximum plant height, number of pods per plant, and pod yield at all 3 stages was also obtained with 50:50 fly ash and sewage sludge treatments. Effect of vermicomposting on the transformation of some trace elements in fly ash. It has been found that intestines of epigeic earthworms contain a high concentration of different microorganisms. The results revealed that the inclusion of epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida in different combinations of fly ash and cow dung converted a considerable amount of the micronutrients into bio-available forms. On the other hand, the solubility of heavy metals tended to be reduced by the microorganisms, presumably by formation of some organo-metallic complex. Kufri Lalima were determined in a field experiment conducted in Ranchi, Bihar, India during the rabi season of 1997-98. Application of 16% fly ash resulted in the highest manganese, zinc, copper and nickel content in potato tubers. This treatment was at par with lignite fly ash in relation to the number of leaves (22.
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These data suggested a decreased delivery of intermediates in the biosynthesis of testosterone contributing to the decrease in testosterone synthesis noted symptoms questionnaire generic frumil 5 mg on line. Understanding homeostatic control by way of a specific feedback loop is critical 7 to interpreting the results provided by Kumar et al symptoms when pregnant buy frumil 5mg fast delivery. This indicates that the concentrations of triclosan employed in the in vitro assay would not be sufficient to overwhelm compensatory mechanisms in vivo. This feedback mechanism controls homeostasis allowing the body to compensate for variability in Leydig cell testosterone concentrations. Placental tissue was homogenized and cytosolic (sulfonation) and microsomal (glucuronidation) fractions isolated and incubated with triclosan at final concentrations of 0. Triclosan also inhibited the sulfonation of estrone (2 nM) in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition was considered to be primarily competitive, with triclosan competing and blocking the binding of estradiol and estrone to the active binding site on the enzyme. The authors suggested that changes in extent of sulfonation of estrogen or estrone, which are the predominant forms delivered to the fetus where the active steroid is released, could result in an impact on successfully maintaining pregnancy. This outcome is highly unlikely at environmentally relevant exposure to triclosan for a number of reasons: 1) the role of placental estrogen sulfotransferases in the maintenance of pregnancy in humans is not known with certainty (James et al. Most importantly, if triclosan were actively interfering with estrogen transport into the fetus, then administration of triclosan in vivo should result in an impact on successful pregnancies; however, as discussed in the following section. While the observation that triclosan can be a competitive substrate for sulfotransferase enzymes is not surprising given that sulfate and glucuronide conjugates are the major detoxifying metabolites in all species (Wang et al. No cytotoxicity was reported when triclosan was tested alone at 10 iM or in combination with 0. Triclosan at a concentration of 10 jiM inhibited transcriptional activity of testosterone by more than 92%, and by 38. Androgenic activity was not exhibited at concentrations up to 10 pM in the absence of testosterone. The resulting cells are reported to be highly responsive to endogenous steroids and synthetic compounds. The authors stated that the concentration of testosterone used in the assay was relatively low (0. The authors noted that because only approximately 2 to 3% of circulating testosterone is free and considered bioactive this low testosterone concentration was assumed to be biologically relevant; however, in the whole animal free and bound testosterone are in dynamic equilibrium such that depletion of free testosterone can be compensated by the release of bound testosterone to maintain homeostasis. The authors noted that at this testosterone concentration, it is likely that antagonist activity would be enhanced, which is an attribute useful for screening assays but of uncertain quantitative relevance to normal in vivo behavior. Therefore, the responses of this isolated cell system are likely to be different than that of cells in normal physiological situation. Triclosan exhibited a concentration-dependent decrease of E2-dependent reporter gene expression in the presence of estradiol, with 50% inhibition observed at a concentration of luM (20% at 10 nM and 80% at 100. When tested alone, triclosan exhibited no estrogenic activity at any concentration in the absence of estradiol. In these assays, either estradiol or testosterone was added to the cells and the amount of triclosan, expressed as molar equivalents that could effectively compete for the specific binding sites was assessed. Triclosan was added to these cultured cells at levels that exceeded endogenous estradiol or testosterone levels, on a molar basis, ranging up to 10,000. In addition, cell lines, such as those derived from the kidney, are not the target organ of concern and may not behave in a manner similar to cells from the appropriate organ. The concentrations of triclosan and endogenous steroids used in some of these assays. Therefore, these in vifro results must be interpreted with caution when extending them to the whole animal. It should be noted that no effects on reproduction or development were reported in the battery of tests for triclosan conducted in vivo in rats at doses of triclosan ranging from 15 to 150 mg/kg in a two-generation reproductive study (Morseth 1988) or at doses of 15 to 300 mg/kg/day in one-generation developmental studies (Schroeder and Daly 1992a, Denning 1992). In addition, no developmental effects have been noted in mice administered doses up to 25 mg/kg/day (Christian and Hoberman 1992), or in rabbits administered doses up to 50 mg/kg/day (Schroeder and Daly 1 992b) or in hamsters administered doses up to 80 mg/kg/day (Piekacz 1978). Further, a comparison of these results with the results from a battery of studies conducted in experimental animals to determine the potential safety of triclosan is provided to put these recent studies in perspective. Even if the adult Wistar rat were more sensitive to the changes reported by Kumar et al. No impact on reproductive performance in either males or females was reported nor was there any evidence of toxicity during the growth phase of either generation.
Red Cell Count Although red cell counts are of diagnostic value in only a minority of patients suffering from blood diseases symptoms 28 weeks pregnant buy frumil 5 mg with mastercard, the advent of electronic cell counters has enormously increased the practicability of such counts treatment bacterial vaginosis buy 5mg frumil overnight delivery. Their value, too, has been increased now that they can be done with a degree of accuracy and reproducibility comparable to that for hemoglobin estimation. Although clearly an 104 Hematology obsolete method (because the combined error of dilution and enumeration is high), visual counting will still has to be undertaken for some years to come in the smaller laboratories. Principle A sample of blood is diluted with a diluent that maintains (preserves) the disc-like shape of the red cells and prevents agglutination and the cells are counted in a Neubauer or Burker counting chamber. Diluting Fluid 1% formal citrate Dilution Thomma Red Cell Pipette Take a well mixed blood or blood from a freely flowing capillary puncture to the "0. Tube Dilution Take 20µl blood with sahli pipette and mix it with 4ml diluent in a small tube to give a final dilution of 1:201 105 Hematology Counting and Calculation After the suspension is charged into the chamber and the cells allowed to settle, cells should be counted using the 40Ч objective and 10Ч eyepiece in 5 small squares of the central 1mm2 area of the improved Neubauer counting chamber (4 corner and 1 central squares each with an area of 0. It is important to count as many cells as possible for the accuracy of the count is increased thereby; 500 cells should be considered as the absolute minimum. Platelet counts are also performed when patients are being treated with cytotoxic drugs or other drugs which may cause thrombocytopenia. Method using formal-citrate red cell diluent Diluent should be prepared using thoroughly clean glassware and fresh distilled water. Then fill a Neubauer counting chamber and allow the platelets to settle for 20 minutes. To prevent drying of the fluid, place the chamber in a petri dish or plastic container on dampened tissue or blotting paper and cover with a lid. Count the number of platelets which will appear as small refractile bodies in the central 1mm2 area with the condenser racked down. If the count is less than 100, it is preferable to repeat the count with a lesser dilution of blood. Method Using Ammonium Oxalate (10g/l; 1%w/v) this diluent causes erythrocyte lysis. Not more than 500ml should be prepared at a time using thoroughly clean glassware and fresh distilled water. The preparation is mixed, the chamber filled and the cells allowed to settle in a similar fashion as Method 1. The cells are counted in 5 small squares in the central 1mm2 of the improved Neubauer counting chamber. Rough estimation of platelet number from a stained blood film Normally there are 10-20 platelets per oil immersion field. Not to mistake debris forms hemolyzed red cells or particles in the diluting fluid for platelets. To ensure the platelets are evenly distributed and not in small clumps (if clumps are present, obtain a new blood sample). Special Interpretation of platelet counts In health there are about 150-400 x 109 platelets/liter of blood. Platelet counts from capillary blood are usually 111 Hematology lower than from venous blood and are not as reproducible. Thrombocytosis Causes of an increase in platelet numbers include: · Chronic myeloproliferative disease. Iron deficiency anemia, associated with active bleeding Thrombocytopenia the main causes for a reduction in platelet numbers are: I. Principle Blood is diluted with a fluid that causes lysis of erythrocytes and stains eosinophils rendering them readily visible. Method Make dilution of blood using thomma pipette or tube dilution as described for the white cell count. Reference range 40 - 440 Ч 106/l Interpretation of eosinophil counts Eosinophilia is common in allergic conditions. How do you calculate the number of cells per unit volume of blood after you count the cells in a sample of diluted blood? The count is usually performed by visual examination of blood films which are prepared on slides by the wedge technique. For a reliable differential 117 Hematology count the film must not be too thin and the tail of the film should be smooth.
Lancaster and Mehlich 3 extractable P increased significantly with application rate due to high contents of P and Si in the mixture medicine disposal frumil 5mg amex. Mixtures of fly ash and phosphogypsum should reduce P loss from rice paddy soils and increase soil fertility medications similar to lyrica 5mg frumil free shipping. Converting soil P to less soluble forms with applications of materials containing lime or Ca may reduce the release of soil P to runoff. These reductions resulted from the conversion of readily desorbable soil P to less soluble Ca-bound or Al- and Fe-bound pools. Reduction of Pb, Zn and Cd availability from tailings and contaminated soils by the application of lignite fly ash. Fly ash was mixed with the contaminated soil or oxidic tailings samples at various doses and pot experiments were performed. The 5-stage sequential extraction procedure was also applied to determine the form of contaminants in the fly ash amended soil or tailings samples. Speciation of lead, in the treated soil and tailings samples indicated that there was a significant transition of the heavy metals form from the exchangeable and carbonate fractions to reducible and residual, suggesting that the potential mechanisms of heavy metals retention are, apart from increase of pH, sorption on the oxides and hydroxides surfaces and binding with the hydrated fly ash compounds. Bauxite is composed principally of the monohydrate and trihydrate forms of alumina in varying proportions. These three combinations were then treated with the bacteria and mycorrhizae both alone, and in combination, to form twelve treatments and one control. The research study showed that there is remarkable change in the physical and chemical properties of red mud after amendment, which provides the platform for plantation growth. Relationship of chemical fractions of heavy metals with microbial and enzyme activities in sludge and ash amended acid lateritic soil from India. Paddies and groundnuts were grown in the experimental plots and soil was sampled twice after 6 months and 1 year after amendment application. The heavy metals in the soil were fractionated using sequential extraction and the increments in their concentrations in amended soil with respect to the control were determined. Concentrations of Cd, Ni and Zn were determined to have increased in their mobile fractions and were more pronounced in soil collected during the second sampling, which was associated with a decrease in soil organic carbon. The size of the microbial biomass carbon and the soil enzyme activities increased with the addition of an amendment and was highest at equal proportions of coal ash and sludge. Further increase in the proportion of sludge resulted in a significant decrease in biomass carbon. Simple correlation revealed significant and strong negative relations of mobile fractions of Cd and Ni with the ratio between microbial biomass C and organic carbon in soil, while the organic carbon content and the pH were positively correlated. The microbial activities were determined to be sensitive to the concentrations of some heavy metals in mobile fractions and therefore indicated possibilities of being useful as indicators for evaluation of toxic effects of sludge-borne metals on soil organisms. Relationship of ryegrass growth to extractable phosphorus in acidic soil amended with phosphate rock, coal combustion by product, limestone, and cellulose. Residue-management practices using fly ash and various crop residues for productivity of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system under limited moisture conditions. Pura, Jammu, India, during 2001-03, to evaluate the effect of fly ash and residue incorporation on the productivity and soil health in rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system under limited moisture conditions. Incorporation of residues of rice in wheat and wheat in rice not only increased the yield and yield components of rice and wheat but also increased the nutrient uptake besides improving the physico-chemical and biological properties of the soil which provide better soil environment for growth. Alternatively, the incorporation of fly ash and left-over stubbles of previous crops as residues were found equally effective in increasing the productivity and soil environment in rice-wheat cropping system. For quick and better decomposition the application of Trichoderma viride + 20 kg N/ha as starter dose influenced the yield, available nutrients, microbial population and physical properties of the soil significantly compared with no starter dose application. Response of mustard cultivars when grown in soil amended with fly ash under conditions of induced drought. Treatments comprised: fly ash mixed with soil in 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% proportion (w/w), and kept in a greenhouse under natural light (mean 23 degrees C). Two mustard plants per pot for each cultivar and two sets of pots were maintained; one was continuously irrigated and in another, water was withheld for 20 days from 55 days after sowing, to induce drought. Fly ash treatment significantly reduced plant growth under both normal and induced drought conditions. Under 20% fly ashamended soil, both plant height and leaf area increased compared to their respective controls. Soil nutrient deficiencies were supplemented by the addition of fly ash to the soil.
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